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摘要 路由选择是一种基于网络层的协议，而所有流行的网络层路由选择协议都是基于以下两种典型的分布式算法之一：距离向量路由算法和链路状态路由算法。组合优化问题是人们在工程技术、科学研究和经济管理等众多领域经常遇到的问题，其中许多问题如旅行商问题、0-1背包问题、图着色问题、装箱问题等，都被证明为NP-困难问题。用确定性的优化算法求NP完全问题的最优解，其计算时间使人难以忍受或因问题的高难度而使其计算时间随问题规模的增加以指数速度延长。用近似算法如启发式算法求解得到的近似解不能保证其可行性和最优性，甚至无法知道所得解同最优解的近似程度。因而在求解大规模组合优化问题时，传统的优化算法就显得无能为力了。在过去的10多年，蚁群算法（ACO）的研究和应用取得了很大的进展，大量结果证明了算法的有效性和在某些领域的优势。蚁群算法是一种新型的模拟进化算法, 研究表明该算法具有并行性, 鲁棒性等优良性质。本文阐述了蚁群算法的原理,详细的说明了蚂蚁算法中各个功能模块，并介绍了该算法在理论和实际问题中的应用, 并对其前景进行了展望。 关键词: 蚁群算法 信息素 仿真 Abstract Whether it is one based on Internet agreement for route notto choose, and all Internet route that prevail choose agreement on the basis ofthe following two typical distributed algorithm one of. Is it optimize problempeople in engineering , scientific research , economic management numerousproblem that field run into often to make up, among them a lot of question ifknapsack issue , issue of businessman in the travel industry and of TSP , pursue painted question , case issue ,etc.,proved as 6WF difficult problem. Ask the solving optimumly of JSP complete problem with the deterministicoptimization algorithm, calculation its time make people to be insufferablemaking their calculation time up to increase , issue of scale lengthen so as toindex speed because the question is highly difficult. If heuristic algorithm isit solve receive approximate solution can the assurance feasibility and gettingoptimum their to ask with algorithm of similar toing, it is even unable to knowincomes and solve and solve optimumly to be similar to the degree. Thereforewhile asking and solving and making the question of optimizing up on a largescale, the traditional optimization algorithm seems powerless . From vectorialroute algorithm, algorithm of route and state of chain Theresearches and applications on ACO algorithm have made great progresses in thepast more than ten years. A number of results prove the validity of thealgorithm and its advantages in some fields. ACO algorithm whether one new-typesimulation evolve the algorithm , studies have shown this algorithm has walkingabreast nature, fine nature such as being stupid and excellent. This text hasexplain ant's principle of one group of algorithms, has introduced thisapplication in the theory and practical problem of algorithm,and has looked forward to its prospect . Keyword: Ant ColonyOptimization algorithm Pheromone Simulation
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